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(Anatomy Department, University of the Witwatersrand) This skull was found in a limestone deposit at the Buxton Quarries near Taung, Northern Cape. Dating to about 2,8 million years ago, the child was about 3 years old when it died. As an adult, it would have stood...

(National Museum, Bloemfontein) Paleoanthropologists focus on changes through time in the feet, hands, and face of our human ancestors. Because of facial features, the Florisbad skull represents archaic humans classified between Homo erectus (ergaster) and modern Homo sapiens. Found at Florisbad Hot Springs in the Free...

(South African Museum, Cape Town) This example of San rock art is part of the famous 'Linton Slab', from the Maclear district of the Eastern Cape. In general, the art depicts symbols of supernatural power and the religious experiences of shamans. In this case, the raised...

Golden objects were found in a royal graveyard on top of Mapungubwe Hill in the Limpopo Valley. In the 13th century AD, Mapungubwe was the capital of a local society grown wealthy from the coastal gold and ivory trade.   Three graves contained golden beads, wire bangles...

The Khoekhoe (Hottentots) were pastoralists who once lived throughout the Northern, Eastern and Western Cape provinces. They were originally indigenous hunter-gatherers who changed economies when they acquired domestic stock, first flat-tailed sheep and then long-horned cattle. By AD 1000 they were full pastoralists, moving their...

This pot dates to about AD 600. From its style archaeologists can tell that it was made by Eastern Bantu-speaking people. The Bantu language originated in the Nigeria/Cameroon area of West Africa. Eastern Bantu speakers left there about 2500 years ago, spreading into East and...